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Tort Liability and Employment Law: Intertwined Concepts

Tort liability and employment law have a long and intertwined history. The "control test," initially used by English courts to determine employee status, originated in tort law. Employers can be held liable for damages caused by their employees to third parties and property, provided an employment relationship exists and the employee acted under the employer's control or direction. The evolution of tort liability has often mirrored developments in employment law. A crucial element in establishing employer liability is whether the individual who caused the damage was indeed an employee. This determination rests on the definition of "employee" as established by employment law. Civil courts adjudicating tort claims must interpret the Employment and Labor Law to ascertain the existence of an employment contract between the employer and the injured party. The court cannot apply a different standard for employee identification than the one defined in the Employment ...
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Constitution of the International Labour Organization Instrument of Amendment Ratification Proclamation No. 128-1998

 WHEREAS, the General Conference of the International Labour Organization adopted the Instrument for the Amendment of the Constitution of the International Labour Organization on the 19th day of June, 1997;

WHEREAS, the House of Peoples’ Representatives has ratified said Instrument; at its session held on the 27th day of October, 1998;

NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with Article 55 sub-Articles (1) and (12) of the Constitution, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:

1. Short Title

This Proclamation may be cited as the “Constitution of the International Labour Organization Instrument of Amendment Ratification Proclamation No. 128/1998.”

2. Ratification of the Instrument of Amendment

The Constitution of the International Labour organization Instrument of Amendment, adopted by the General Conference of international labour organization on the 19th day of June 1997, is ratified.

3. Effective Date

This Proclamation shall enter into force as of the 27th day of October, 1998.

Done at Addis Ababa this 27th day of October, 1998.

NEGASO GIDADA (DR.)

PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

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